What is an Automatic Watch and How Do They Work?

Samantha James on 08/28/2024

Imagine owning a watch that winds itself while you wear it –– powered by your everyday movements. That's the charm of an automatic watch! These automatic timepieces are a perfect mix of expert engineering and elegance. They don't need batteries like quartz watches do; instead, they keep working by using the movement of your wrist. Whether you're a newbie when it comes to watches or you're already a seasoned collector, learning about how automatic watches work can really increase your appreciation for these sophisticated devices. Let's take a closer look at automatic watches and find out why they might be the ideal choice for your collection!

How Automatic Watches Work

Automatic watches are the result of years of exceptional engineering and craftsmanship. They are popular because they use the wearer's wrist movements, which allows them to operate continuously without the need for manual winding or the inconvenience of replacing batteries. Here's a brief breakdown of the intricate components and mechanisms that allow these self-winding timepieces to keep accurate time.

Components of an Automatic Watch

Knowing the parts of a watch, especially in automatic models, can make you appreciate its craftsmanship more and realize why each component is important in how a watch works. Here are its main parts:

Mainspring

The mainspring is the powerhouse of an automatic watch. It is a tightly wound spring that stores energy generated by the movement of your wrist. As the mainspring unwinds, it releases energy to power the watch. The tension in the mainspring is carefully measured to ensure consistent energy release, which is important for accurate timekeeping.

Rotor

The rotor is a semi-circular piece of metal that moves along the motion of the wearer’s wrist. As you move, the rotor spins freely, winding the mainspring. This continuous winding process keeps the mainspring at the ideal tension, ensuring that the watch stays powered. The rotor's movement is a critical feature of the self-winding mechanism, differentiating automatic watches from manual winding watches.

Balance Wheel

The balance wheel works like a pendulum, moving back and forth to control how much energy comes from the mainspring. It works together with the escape wheel or mechanism to make sure the energy moves properly to the gear train, keeping the watch hands moving accurately. The balance wheel's steady back-and-forth movement is very important for keeping accurate time, usually doing this at a speed of 21,600 to 28,800 BPH (beats per hour), at least for most watches today. Some high-performance watches may even reach 36,600 BPH.

The Winding Process in Automatic Watches

The winding process in automatic watches is an intriguing interplay of mechanical components. When you move your wrist, the rotor inside the watch spins, which winds the mainspring and stores energy to power the watch. Unlike manual watches that need regular winding by hand, automatic watches use natural motion to keep them running.

If an automatic watch is not worn for a day or two, it may stop. To keep it running, you can either wear it regularly or use a watch winder—a device that mimics wrist movement to wind the watch when it's not being worn. This ensures that the watch remains powered and accurate, even if it's not worn every day.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Automatic Watches

Automatic watches come with their own set of benefits and drawbacks. Understanding these can help you decide if an automatic watch is the right choice for you:

Advantages

No Battery Needed - One of the main benefits of an automatic watch is that it doesn’t require a battery change. The natural movement of your wrist keeps it powered. When comparing automatic vs quartz watches, it's essential to consider the self-winding nature of automatics versus the battery-powered precision of quartz.
Craftsmanship - Automatic watches are often seen as proof of fine watchmaking, with intricate movements and high-quality materials. This makes it a popular choice for watch enthusiasts and collectors.
Eco-Friendly - Without the need for batteries, automatic watches are potentially more environment-friendly compared to quartz watches.
Long-lasting - With proper care and maintenance, an automatic watch can last for generations, becoming a cherished heirloom. This is why it's important to learn how to clean a watch properly to ensure that it runs smoothly for years to come.
Smooth Movement - The second hand of an automatic watch moves smoothly, offering a visually pleasing continuous sweep compared to the ticking motion of quartz watches.

Disadvantages

Maintenance - Automatic watches require regular maintenance, including cleaning and lubrication of the movement. Regular servicing guarantees that the watch runs smoothly and accurately, but it can be an added expense.
Accuracy - While highly accurate, automatic watches can lose or gain a few seconds per day, requiring occasional adjustment. Factors such as temperature, position, and shock may affect their precision.
Sensitivity -The mechanical movement can be sensitive to shocks, magnetic fields, and environmental changes. Extreme conditions can also impact the watch's performance, so careful handling is important.
Cost - High-quality automatic watches can be more expensive due to the craftsmanship involved. The intricate engineering and premium materials contribute to their higher price.
Power Reserve - If not worn regularly, the watch can stop, requiring manual winding or the use of a watch winder to keep it running. The power reserve typically lasts between 24 to 48 hours, depending on the model.

Discover Armitron’s Collection of Automatic Watches

At Armitron, we take pride in offering a diverse selection of automatic watches that cater to various styles and preferences. Our collection features meticulously crafted timepieces that blend tradition with modern innovation, ensuring that there's something for everyone. Each watch is designed with durability and functionality in mind, providing accurate timekeeping and a touch of class.

Explore Armitron’s collection of men's watches and women's watches to find the perfect timepiece that suits your lifestyle. Whether you prefer the classic appeal of a mechanical watch or the convenience of automatic winding, our collection has something to offer. Join the Armitron family today and celebrate life’s precious moments with a watch that tells your story!